[Rd] aperm() should retain class of input object
Martin Maechler
maechler at stat.math.ethz.ch
Wed Dec 29 15:30:33 CET 2010
>>>>> Michael Friendly <friendly at yorku.ca>
>>>>> on Wed, 29 Dec 2010 08:33:07 -0500 writes:
> On 12/28/2010 9:43 AM, Tim Hesterberg wrote:
>> Having aperm() return an object of the same class is dangerous, there
>> are undoubtedly classes for which that is not appropriate, producing an
>> illegal object for that class or quietly giving incorrect results.
> OK. I can see that my initial proposal would be dangerous for xtabs
> objects without further
> modifications and that it is unwise to change default behavior in base
> functions without
> very strong reasons.
>> Three alternatives are to:
>> * add the keep.class option but with default FALSE
> This first option is the minimally invasive corrective surgery.
> This would put the burden on the user (or package writer), but at least
> make it known
> that keep.class=TRUE is an option. This version is
> ## add keep.class, non-generic
> aperm <- function (a, perm, resize = TRUE, keep.class=FALSE)
> {
> if (missing(perm))
> perm <- integer(0L)
> result <- .Internal(aperm(a, perm, resize))
> if(keep.class) class(result) <- class(a)
> result
> }
>> * make aperm a generic function
>> - without a keep.class argument
>> - with a ... argument
>> - methods for classes like table could have keep.class = TRUE
> This would be much better, as long as an aperm.table method was added to
> base, to complement table() itself,
> and gives the desired behavior for table objects by default.
> This version seems to be:
> ## make generic, with ...
> aperm <- function(a, ...)
> UseMethod("aperm", ...)
use UseMethod("aperm")
instead and then all is fine
> aperm.default <- function (a, perm, resize = TRUE, ...)
> {
> if (missing(perm))
> perm <- integer(0L)
> .Internal(aperm(a, perm, resize))
> }
> aperm.table <- function(a, perm, resize=TRUE, keep.class=TRUE, ...)
> {
> result <- aperm.default(a, perm, resize=resize)
> if(keep.class) class(result) <- class(a)
> result
> }
> But it throws an error, maybe because I haven't redefined aperm as a
> generic:
>> UCB <- aperm(UCBAdmissions, c(2,1,3))
> Error in aperm(UCBAdmissions, c(2, 1, 3)) :
> '...' used in an incorrect context
.. well, because you've used extraneous "..." in the S3 generic
definition (see above).
I'm really sympathetic with your proposal and would indeed
implement it (for R-devel aka "R 2.13.0 to be")
unless someone has good arguments for something else.
{{well, my version *would* keep the 'perm = NULL' default for
both default and table methods.}}
Martin Maechler, ETH Zurich
> The .table method does work as desired:
>> UCB <- aperm.table(UCBAdmissions, c(2,1,3))
>> str(UCB)
> table [1:2, 1:2, 1:6] 512 89 313 19 353 17 207 8 120 202 ...
> - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 3
> ..$ Gender: chr [1:2] "Male" "Female"
> ..$ Admit : chr [1:2] "Admitted" "Rejected"
> ..$ Dept : chr [1:6] "A" "B" "C" "D" ...
>>
>> * make aperm a generic function
>> - without a keep.class argument
>> - with a ... argument
>> - default method have keep.class = TRUE
>>
>> The third option would give the proposed behavior by default, but
>> allow a way out for classes where the behavior is wrong. This puts
>> the burden on a class author to realize the potential problem with
>> aperm, so my preference is one of the first two options.
>>
>>> aperm() was designed for multidimensional arrays, but is also useful for
>>> table objects, particularly
>>> with the lattice, vcd and vcdExtra packages. But aperm() was designed
>>> and implemented before other
>>> related object classes were conceived, and I propose a small tune-up to
>>> make it more generally useful.
>>>
>>> The problem is that aperm() always returns an object of class 'array',
>>> which causes problems for methods
>>> designed for table objects. It also requires some package writers to
>>> implement both .array and .table
>>> methods for the same functionality, usually one in terms of the other.
>>> Some examples of unexpected, and initially perplexing results (when only
>>> methods for one class are implemented)
>>> are shown below.
>>>
>>>
>>>> library(vcd)
>>>> pairs(UCBAdmissions, shade=TRUE)
>>>> UCB<- aperm(UCBAdmissions, c(2, 1, 3))
>>>>
>>>> # UCB is now an array, not a table
>>>> pairs(UCB, shade=TRUE)
>>> There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)
>>>> # fix it, to get pairs.table
>>>> class(UCB)<- "table"
>>>> pairs(UCB, shade=TRUE)
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Of course, I can define a new function, tperm() that does what I think
>>> should be the expected behavior:
>>>
>>> # aperm, for table objects
>>>
>>> tperm<- function(a, perm, resize = TRUE) {
>>> result<- aperm(a, per, resize)
>>> class(result)<- class(a)
>>> result
>>> }
>>>
>>> But I think it is more natural to include this functionality in aperm()
>>> itself. Thus, I propose the following
>>> revision of base::aperm(), at the R level:
>>>
>>> aperm<- function (a, perm, resize = TRUE, keep.class=TRUE)
>>> {
>>> if (missing(perm))
>>> perm<- integer(0L)
>>> result<- .Internal(aperm(a, perm, resize))
>>> if(keep.class) class(result)<- class(a)
>>> result
>>> }
>>>
>>>
>>> I don't think this would break any existing code, except where someone
>>> depended on coercion to an array.
>>> The drop-in replacement for aperm would set keep.class=FALSE by default,
>>> but I think TRUE is more
>>> natural.
>>>
>>> FWIW, here are the methods for table and array objects
>> >from my current (non-representative) session.
>>>> methods(class="table")
>>> [1] as.data.frame.table barchart.table* cloud.table*
>>> contourplot.table* dotplot.table*
>>> [6] head.table* levelplot.table* pairs.table*
>>> plot.table* print.table
>>> [11] summary.table tail.table*
>>>
>>> Non-visible functions are asterisked
>>>> methods(class="array")
>>> [1] anyDuplicated.array as.data.frame.array as.raster.array*
>>> barchart.array* contourplot.array* dotplot.array*
>>> [7] duplicated.array levelplot.array* unique.array
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Michael Friendly Email: friendly AT yorku DOT ca
>>> Professor, Psychology Dept.
>>> York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814
>>> 4700 Keele Street Web:http://www.datavis.ca
>>> Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA
> --
> Michael Friendly Email: friendly AT yorku DOT ca
> Professor, Psychology Dept.
> York University Voice: 416 736-5115 x66249 Fax: 416 736-5814
> 4700 Keele Street Web: http://www.datavis.ca
> Toronto, ONT M3J 1P3 CANADA
> ______________________________________________
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