Whoops, my bad. Maybe try using "gsub" ----- Lanna Jin lannajin at gmail.com 510-898-8525 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-to-replace-all-NA-values-in-a-data-frame-with-another-not-0-value-tp2125458p2125471.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com.