[R] z-transform each column of a data.frame

[Martin Batholdy]

Hi,


I am currently trying to z-transform (that is subtracting the mean and divide by the standard deviation) multiple columns of a data.frame at the same time.


My first approach was:

x <- data.frame(c(0:10), c(10:20))
(x - colMeans(x)) / apply(x, 2, sd)


This is obviously not working.

Is there a convenient way to z-transform each column separately (so in this case, each column represents an independent variable that should be z-transformed)


thanks!