[R] Add transitivity to a matrix?

[Jeff Newmiller]

Assuming Peter's equation applies, I think a direct for loop with multiplication would be a more efficient way to obtain this answer than repeated use of a power operator.

On June 18, 2019 8:01:09 AM CDT, Martin Maechler <maechler using stat.math.ethz.ch> wrote:
>>>>>> peter dalgaard 
>>>>>>     on Tue, 18 Jun 2019 11:45:39 +0200 writes:
>
>    > Sounds like this is isomorphic to reachability in graph
>    > theory. I wonder if
>
>    >   (sum_1^n M^i) > 0
>
>    > would suffice?
>
>neat! (and I guess correct)
>
>    > -pd
>
>Which reminds me that in the relatively distant past as
>maintainer of the 'expm' package I had introduced "%^%" (to
>compute matrix *integer* powers) with this first part of help() :
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Matrix Power
>
>Description:
>
>     Compute the k-th power of a matrix. Whereas ‘x^k’ computes
>     _element wise_ powers, ‘x %^% k’ corresponds to k - 1 matrix
>     multiplications, ‘x %*% x %*% ... %*% x’.
>
>Usage:
>
>     x %^% k
>     
>Arguments:
>
>       x: a square matrix.
>
>       k: an integer, k >= 0.
>
>Details:
>
>     Argument k is coerced to integer using as.integer.
>
>     The algorithm uses O(log2(k)) matrix multiplications.
>
>Value:
>
>     A matrix of the same dimension as ‘x’.
>
>Note:
>
>     If you think you need ‘x^k’ for k < 0, then consider instead
>     ‘solve(x %^% (-k))’.
>
>........
>........
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>and I had thought / wondered to myself if this should not be
>brought into base R [or then at least 'Matrix' which is
>installed with R (almost surely)] but I think never got around
>to propose that.
>
>Opinions?
>
>
>    >> On 18 Jun 2019, at 02:08 , Duncan Murdoch
>    >> <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com> wrote:
>    >> 
>    >> On 17/06/2019 7:34 p.m., Bert Gunter wrote:
>    >>> Depends on what you mean by "simple" of course, but
>    >>> suppose that: M[i,j] & M[j,k] & M[k,n] are TRUE and
>    >>> M[i,k] and M[i,n] are FALSE.  Then the procedure would
>    >>> see that M[i,k] needs to change to TRUE, but not that
>    >>> M[i,n] needs to also become TRUE *after* M[i,k] changes.
>    >>> This seems to imply that an iterative solution is
>    >>> necessary.
>    >> 
>    >> Right, that's a good point.
>    >> 
>    >> Duncan Murdoch
>    >> 
>    >>> One such procedure, via repeated matrix multiplication
>    >>> to check for and impose transitivity, appears to be
>    >>> suggested by this discussion:
>>>>
>https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/228898/how-to-check-whether-a-relation-is-transitive-from-the-matrix-representation
>    >>> Cheers, Bert On Mon, Jun 17, 2019 at 10:29 AM Duncan
>    >>> Murdoch <murdoch.duncan using gmail.com
>    >>> <mailto:murdoch.duncan using gmail.com>> wrote: On 17/06/2019
>    >>> 1:19 p.m., Duncan Murdoch wrote: > Suppose I have a
>    >>> square logical matrix M which I'm thinking of as a >
>    >>> relation between the row/column numbers.
>    >>> >
>    >>> > I can make it into a symmetric relation (i.e. M[i,j]
>    >>> being TRUE implies > M[j,i] is TRUE) by the calculation
>    >>> >
>    >>> > M <- M | t(M)
>    >>> >
>    >>> > Is there a simple way to ensure transitivity,
>    >>> i.e. M[i,j] & M[j,k] both > being TRUE implies M[i,k] is
>    >>> TRUE?
>    >>> >
>    >>> > The operation should only change FALSE or NA values to
>    >>> TRUE values; TRUE > values should never be changed.  I
>    >>> also want the changes to be minimal; changing everything
>    >>> to TRUE would satisfy transitivity, but isn't useful to
>    >>> me.  Duncan Murdoch
>    >>> ______________________________________________
>    >>> R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>
>    >>> mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
>    >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do
>    >>> read the posting guide
>    >>> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide
>    >>> commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>    >>> 
>    >> 
>    >> ______________________________________________
>    >> R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and
>    >> more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>    >> PLEASE do read the posting guide
>    >> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide
>    >> commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
>    > -- 
>    > Peter Dalgaard, Professor, Center for Statistics,
>    > Copenhagen Business School Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000
>    > Frederiksberg, Denmark Phone: (+45)38153501 Office: A 4.23
>    > Email: pd.mes using cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd using gmail.com
>
>    > ______________________________________________
>    > R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and
>    > more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>    > PLEASE do read the posting guide
>    > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide
>    > commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
>______________________________________________
>R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
>https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>PLEASE do read the posting guide
>http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

-- 
Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity.