[R] Creating a before-and-after variable in R
Faradj Koliev
|@r@dj@g @end|ng |rom gm@||@com
Thu Oct 3 14:35:07 CEST 2019
Dear Michael Dewey,
Thanks for reaching out about this. I trying again, now with plain text, and hope it works.
Best,
Faradj
Dear R-users,
I need an urgent help with the following: I have a country-year data covering the period 1982 - 2013. I want to assess how the variable X (a certain policy) affects the Y variable. The X variable is =1 when a country introduces that policy in a specific year, otherwise =0.
What I want to do is to create a treatment variable, that would be a negative count until the X=1, and then positive counts for the years after X=1.
For example, let’s say that the U.S. introduced the policy x in year 2000. The treatment variable would look be like this:
country
year
x
treatment
USA
1982
0
-18
USA
1983
0
-17
USA
1984
0
-16
USA
1985
0
-15
USA
1986
0
-14
USA
1987
0
-13
USA
1988
0
-12
USA
1989
0
-11
USA
1990
0
-10
USA
1991
0
-9
USA
1992
0
-8
USA
1993
0
-7
USA
1994
0
-6
USA
1995
0
-5
USA
1996
0
-4
USA
1997
0
-3
USA
1998
0
-2
USA
1999
0
-1
USA
2000
1
0
USA
2001
0
1
USA
2002
0
2
USA
2003
0
3
USA
2004
0
4
USA
2005
0
5
USA
2006
0
6
USA
2007
0
7
USA
2008
0
8
USA
2009
0
9
USA
2010
0
10
USA
2011
0
11
USA
2012
0
12
USA
2013
0
13
Do you have any idea as how I can generate this? All suggestions are appreciated!
I’ve tried to create it but failed. I only could generate positive counts using this code:
require(data.table)
setDT(data)[,treatment := seq.int(0,.N-1L), by = cumsum(x)-x]
My sample below:
dput(data)
structure(list(country_code = c(900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L), year = c(1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L,
1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
2013L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L), y = c(5.079999924, 5.079999924,
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.159999847,
8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.079999924, 8.079999924, 8.079999924,
8.079999924, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924,
7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 3.670000076, 3.670000076, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.739999771, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 8, 8, 11,
11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 9.770000458, 9.770000458,
9.770000458, 9.770000458, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 7.159999847, 7.159999847,
7.159999847, 7.159999847, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
7.489999771, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.72999954,
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771,
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 6.920000076,
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 10.96000004, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886,
8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 14.60999966, 14.60999966,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008,
12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 11.92000008, 11.92000008,
11.92000008, 11.59000015, 11.31999969, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
14.26000023, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031,
13.93000031, 13.93000031, 14.60000038, 14.60000038, 14.60000038,
14.60000038, 13.5, 13.5, 14.26000023, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031,
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
13.15999985, 13, 13, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
7.829999924, 14.23999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.96999979,
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979,
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25,
15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 12, 12, 12,
12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12), x = c(0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L)), .Names = c("country_code", "year", "y", "x"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-722L))
> 3 okt. 2019 kl. 14:24 skrev Michael Dewey <lists using dewey.myzen.co.uk>:
>
> Dear Faradj
>
> I am afraid your post is unreadable since this is a plain text list and you sent in HTML.
>
> Michael
>
> On 03/10/2019 12:17, Faradj Koliev wrote:
>> Dear R-users,
>> I need an urgent help with the following: I have a country-year data covering the period 1982 - 2013. I want to assess how the variable X (a certain policy) affects the Y variable. The X variable is =1 when a country introduces that policy in a specific year, otherwise =0.
>> What I want to do is to create a treatment variable, that would be a negative count until the X=1, and then positive counts for the years after X=1.
>> For example, let’s say that the U.S. introduced the policy x in year 2000. The treatment variable would look be like this:
>> country
>> year
>> x
>> treatment
>> USA
>> 1982
>> 0
>> -18
>> USA
>> 1983
>> 0
>> -17
>> USA
>> 1984
>> 0
>> -16
>> USA
>> 1985
>> 0
>> -15
>> USA
>> 1986
>> 0
>> -14
>> USA
>> 1987
>> 0
>> -13
>> USA
>> 1988
>> 0
>> -12
>> USA
>> 1989
>> 0
>> -11
>> USA
>> 1990
>> 0
>> -10
>> USA
>> 1991
>> 0
>> -9
>> USA
>> 1992
>> 0
>> -8
>> USA
>> 1993
>> 0
>> -7
>> USA
>> 1994
>> 0
>> -6
>> USA
>> 1995
>> 0
>> -5
>> USA
>> 1996
>> 0
>> -4
>> USA
>> 1997
>> 0
>> -3
>> USA
>> 1998
>> 0
>> -2
>> USA
>> 1999
>> 0
>> -1
>> USA
>> 2000
>> 1
>> 0
>> USA
>> 2001
>> 0
>> 1
>> USA
>> 2002
>> 0
>> 2
>> USA
>> 2003
>> 0
>> 3
>> USA
>> 2004
>> 0
>> 4
>> USA
>> 2005
>> 0
>> 5
>> USA
>> 2006
>> 0
>> 6
>> USA
>> 2007
>> 0
>> 7
>> USA
>> 2008
>> 0
>> 8
>> USA
>> 2009
>> 0
>> 9
>> USA
>> 2010
>> 0
>> 10
>> USA
>> 2011
>> 0
>> 11
>> USA
>> 2012
>> 0
>> 12
>> USA
>> 2013
>> 0
>> 13
>> Do you have any idea as how I can generate this? All suggestions are appreciated!
>> I’ve tried to create it but failed. I only could generate positive counts using this code:
>> require(data.table)
>> setDT(data)[,treatment := seq.int(0,.N-1L), by = cumsum(x)-x]
>> My sample below:
>> dput(data)
>> structure(list(country_code = c(900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
>> 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
>> 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
>> 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
>> 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
>> 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
>> 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
>> 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
>> 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
>> 140L, 140L, 140L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
>> 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
>> 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
>> 471L, 471L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
>> 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
>> 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
>> 352L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
>> 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
>> 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
>> 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
>> 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
>> 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 220L,
>> 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
>> 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
>> 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 481L, 481L,
>> 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
>> 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
>> 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
>> 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
>> 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 570L, 570L,
>> 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
>> 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
>> 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
>> 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
>> 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
>> 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
>> 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
>> 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
>> 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
>> 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
>> 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
>> 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
>> 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 235L, 235L,
>> 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
>> 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
>> 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
>> 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
>> 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
>> 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
>> 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
>> 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
>> 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
>> 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
>> 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
>> 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
>> 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
>> 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
>> 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
>> 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
>> 500L, 500L, 500L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
>> 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
>> 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
>> 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
>> 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
>> 101L, 101L, 101L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
>> 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
>> 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
>> 551L, 551L), year = c(1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
>> 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
>> 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
>> 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
>> 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
>> 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
>> 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
>> 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
>> 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
>> 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
>> 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
>> 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
>> 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
>> 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
>> 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
>> 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
>> 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
>> 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
>> 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L,
>> 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
>> 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
>> 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
>> 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
>> 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
>> 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
>> 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
>> 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
>> 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
>> 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
>> 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
>> 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
>> 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
>> 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
>> 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
>> 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
>> 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
>> 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
>> 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
>> 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
>> 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
>> 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
>> 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
>> 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
>> 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
>> 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
>> 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
>> 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
>> 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
>> 2013L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
>> 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
>> 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
>> 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
>> 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
>> 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
>> 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
>> 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
>> 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
>> 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
>> 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
>> 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
>> 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
>> 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
>> 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
>> 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
>> 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
>> 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
>> 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
>> 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
>> 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
>> 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
>> 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L,
>> 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
>> 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
>> 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
>> 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
>> 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
>> 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
>> 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
>> 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
>> 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
>> 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L), y = c(5.079999924, 5.079999924,
>> 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
>> 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
>> 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.159999847,
>> 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.079999924, 8.079999924, 8.079999924,
>> 8.079999924, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
>> 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
>> 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
>> 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
>> 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
>> 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
>> 9.170000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
>> 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
>> 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924,
>> 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
>> 4, 4, 3.670000076, 3.670000076, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
>> 4, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
>> 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
>> 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.739999771, 7.610000134,
>> 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
>> 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
>> 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
>> 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
>> 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
>> 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
>> 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
>> 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
>> 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
>> 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
>> 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 8, 8, 11,
>> 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,
>> 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
>> 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
>> 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 9.770000458, 9.770000458,
>> 9.770000458, 9.770000458, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
>> 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
>> 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
>> 9.43999958, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
>> 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
>> 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 7.159999847, 7.159999847,
>> 7.159999847, 7.159999847, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
>> 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
>> 7.489999771, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
>> 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
>> 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
>> 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
>> 13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
>> 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
>> 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
>> 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
>> 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.72999954,
>> 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
>> 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
>> 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771,
>> 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
>> 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
>> 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
>> 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
>> 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
>> 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
>> 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
>> 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 6.920000076,
>> 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
>> 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
>> 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
>> 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
>> 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
>> 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
>> 8.010000229, 10.96000004, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
>> 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
>> 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 13.57999992,
>> 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
>> 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
>> 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
>> 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
>> 13.57999992, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886,
>> 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 14.60999966, 14.60999966,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008,
>> 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 11.92000008, 11.92000008,
>> 11.92000008, 11.59000015, 11.31999969, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
>> 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
>> 14.26000023, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031,
>> 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 14.60000038, 14.60000038, 14.60000038,
>> 14.60000038, 13.5, 13.5, 14.26000023, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
>> 14.59000015, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031,
>> 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
>> 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
>> 13.15999985, 13, 13, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
>> 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
>> 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
>> 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
>> 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
>> 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
>> 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
>> 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
>> 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
>> 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 2.170000076,
>> 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
>> 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
>> 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
>> 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
>> 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
>> 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
>> 7.829999924, 14.23999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
>> 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
>> 13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
>> 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.96999979,
>> 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979,
>> 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
>> 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
>> 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25,
>> 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 2.329999924,
>> 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
>> 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
>> 2.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 12, 12, 12,
>> 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12), x = c(0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
>> 0L)), .Names = c("country_code", "year", "y", "x"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
>> -722L))
>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>> ______________________________________________
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>
> --
> Michael
> http://www.dewey.myzen.co.uk/home.html
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