[R] Plotting factors in graph panel

PIKAL Petr petr@p|k@| @end|ng |rom prechez@@cz
Fri Jul 7 14:27:22 CEST 2023


Hallo Anupam

With

ggplot change axis label size into Google

the first answer I got was

axis.text theme

r - Change size of axes title and labels in ggplot2 - Stack Overflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14942681/change-size-of-axes-title-and-labels-in-ggplot2> 

 

so

 

ggplot(TrialData4, aes(x=Income, y=Percent, group=Measure)) + geom_point() +
  geom_line() + facet_wrap(~Measure) + theme(axis.text=element_text(size=5))

 

Should do the trick.

 

S pozdravem | Best Regards

RNDr. Petr PIKAL
Vedoucí Výzkumu a vývoje | Research Manager

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From: Anupam Tyagi <anuptyagi using gmail.com> 
Sent: Friday, July 7, 2023 12:48 PM
To: PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal using precheza.cz>
Cc: r-help using r-project.org
Subject: Re: [R] Plotting factors in graph panel

 

Thanks! You are correct, the graphs look very similar, except ggplot is scaling the text font to make it more readable. Is there a way to scale down the x-axis labels, so they are readable?

 

On Fri, 7 Jul 2023 at 12:02, PIKAL Petr <petr.pikal using precheza.cz <mailto:petr.pikal using precheza.cz> > wrote:

Hallo Anupam

I do not see much difference in ggplot or lattice, they seems to me provide almost identical results when removing theme part from ggplot.

library(ggplot2)
library(lattice)

ggplot(TrialData4, aes(x=Income, y=Percent, group=Measure)) + geom_point() +
  geom_line() + facet_wrap(~Measure)

xyplot(Percent ~ Income | Measure, TrialData4,
       type = "o", pch = 16, as.table = TRUE, grid = TRUE)

So it is probably only matter of your preference which one do you choose.

Cheers
Petr


> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-help <r-help-bounces using r-project.org <mailto:r-help-bounces using r-project.org> > On Behalf Of Deepayan Sarkar
> Sent: Thursday, July 6, 2023 3:06 PM
> To: Anupam Tyagi <anuptyagi using gmail.com <mailto:anuptyagi using gmail.com> >
> Cc: r-help using r-project.org <mailto:r-help using r-project.org> 
> Subject: Re: [R] Plotting factors in graph panel
> 
> On Thu, 6 Jul 2023 at 15:21, Anupam Tyagi <anuptyagi using gmail.com <mailto:anuptyagi using gmail.com> > wrote:
> >
> > Btw, I think "lattice" graphics will provide a better solution than
> > "ggplot", because it puts appropriate (space saving) markers on the
> > axes and does axes labels well. However, I cannot figure out how to do
> > it in "lattice".
> 
> You will need to convert Income to a factor first. Alternatively, use
> dotplot() instead of xyplot(), but that will sort the levels wrongly, so better to
> make the factor first anyway.
> 
> TrialData4 <- within(TrialData4,
> {
>     Income <- factor(Income, levels = c("$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75"))
> })
> 
> xyplot(Percent ~ Income | Measure, TrialData4,
>        type = "o", pch = 16, as.table = TRUE, grid = TRUE)
> 
> or
> 
> dotplot(Percent ~ Income | Measure, TrialData4,
>         type = "o", as.table = TRUE)
> 
> This is not really any different from the ggplot() version though.
> Maybe you just don't like the effect of the '+ theme_classic()' part.
> 
> Best,
> -Deepayan
> 
> 
> > On Thu, 6 Jul 2023 at 15:11, Anupam Tyagi <anuptyagi using gmail.com <mailto:anuptyagi using gmail.com> > wrote:
> >
> > > Hi John:
> > >
> > > Thanks! Below is the data using your suggestion. I used "ggplot" to
> > > make a graph. I am not too happy with it. I am looking for something
> > > simpler and cleaner. Plot is attached.
> > >
> > > I also tried "lattice" package, but nothing got plotted with "xyplot"
> > > command, because it is looking for a numeric variable on x-axis.
> > >
> > > ggplot(TrialData4, aes(x=Income, y=Percent, group=Measure)) +
> > > geom_point()
> > > +
> > >   geom_line() + facet_wrap(~Measure) + theme_classic()
> > >
> > > > dput(TrialData4)structure(list(Income = c("$10", "$25", "$40",
> > > > "$75", "> $75",
> > > "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", ">
> > > $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40",
> > > "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25",
> > > "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10",
> > > "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75",
> > > "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", ">
> > > $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40",
> > > "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25",
> > > "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10",
> > > "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75",
> > > "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", ">
> > > $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40",
> > > "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25",
> > > "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10",
> > > "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75", "$10", "$25", "$40", "$75", "> $75"
> > > ), Percent = c(3.052, 2.292, 2.244, 1.706, 1.297, 29.76, 28.79,
> > > 29.51, 28.9, 31.67, 31.18, 32.64, 34.31, 35.65, 37.59, 36, 36.27,
> > > 33.94, 33.74, 29.44, 46.54, 54.01, 59.1, 62.17, 67.67, 24.75, 24.4,
> > > 25, 24.61, 24.02, 25.4, 18.7, 29, 11.48, 7.103, 3.052, 2.292, 2.244,
> > > 1.706, 1.297, 29.76, 28.79, 29.51, 28.9, 31.67, 31.18, 32.64, 34.31,
> > > 35.65, 37.59, 36, 36.27, 33.94, 33.74, 29.44, 46.54, 54.01, 59.1,
> > > 62.17, 67.67, 24.75, 24.4, 25, 24.61, 24.02, 25.4, 18.7, 29, 11.48,
> > > 7.103, 3.052, 2.292, 2.244, 1.706, 1.297, 29.76, 28.79, 29.51, 28.9,
> > > 31.67, 31.18, 32.64, 34.31, 35.65, 37.59, 36, 36.27, 33.94, 33.74,
> > > 29.44, 46.54, 54.01, 59.1, 62.17, 67.67, 24.75, 24.4, 25, 24.61,
> > > 24.02, 25.4, 18.7, 29, 11.48, 7.103, 3.052, 2.292, 2.244, 1.706,
> > > 1.297, 29.76, 28.79, 29.51, 28.9, 31.67, 31.18, 32.64, 34.31, 35.65,
> > > 37.59, 36, 36.27, 33.94, 33.74, 29.44, 46.54, 54.01, 59.1, 62.17,
> > > 67.67, 24.75, 24.4, 25, 24.61, 24.02, 25.4, 18.7, 29, 11.48, 7.103),
> > > Measure = c("MF None", "MF None", "MF None", "MF None", "MF None",
> > > "MF Equity", "MF Equity", "MF Equity", "MF Equity", "MF Equity", "MF
> > > Debt", "MF Debt", "MF Debt", "MF Debt", "MF Debt", "MF Hybrid", "MF
> > > Hybrid", "MF Hybrid", "MF Hybrid", "MF Hybrid", "Bank None", "Bank
> > > None", "Bank None", "Bank None", "Bank None", "Bank Current", "Bank
> > > Current", "Bank Current", "Bank Current", "Bank Current", "Bank
> > > Savings", "Bank Savings", "Bank Savings", "Bank Savings", "Bank
> > > Savings", "MF None 1", "MF None 1", "MF None 1", "MF None 1", "MF
> > > None 1", "MF Equity 1", "MF Equity 1", "MF Equity 1", "MF Equity 1",
> > > "MF Equity 1", "MF Debt 1", "MF Debt 1", "MF Debt 1", "MF Debt 1",
> > > "MF Debt 1", "MF Hybrid 1", "MF Hybrid 1", "MF Hybrid 1", "MF Hybrid
> > > 1", "MF Hybrid 1", "Bank None 1", "Bank None 1", "Bank None 1",
> > > "Bank None 1", "Bank None 1", "Bank Current 1", "Bank Current 1",
> > > "Bank Current 1", "Bank Current 1", "Bank Current 1", "Bank Savings
> > > 1", "Bank Savings 1", "Bank Savings 1", "Bank Savings 1", "Bank
> > > Savings 1", "MF None 2", "MF None 2", "MF None 2", "MF None 2", "MF
> > > None 2", "MF Equity 2", "MF Equity 2", "MF Equity 2", "MF Equity 2",
> > > "MF Equity 2", "MF Debt 2", "MF Debt 2", "MF Debt 2", "MF Debt 2",
> > > "MF Debt 2", "MF Hybrid 2", "MF Hybrid 2", "MF Hybrid 2", "MF Hybrid
> > > 2", "MF Hybrid 2", "Bank None 2", "Bank None 2", "Bank None 2",
> > > "Bank None 2", "Bank None 2", "Bank Current 2", "Bank Current 2",
> > > "Bank Current 2", "Bank Current 2", "Bank Current 2", "Bank Savings
> > > 2", "Bank Savings 2", "Bank Savings 2", "Bank Savings 2", "Bank
> > > Savings 2", "MF None 3", "MF None 3", "MF None 3", "MF None 3", "MF
> > > None 3", "MF Equity 3", "MF Equity 3", "MF Equity 3", "MF Equity 3",
> > > "MF Equity 3", "MF Debt 3", "MF Debt 3", "MF Debt 3", "MF Debt 3",
> > > "MF Debt 3", "MF Hybrid 3", "MF Hybrid 3", "MF Hybrid 3", "MF Hybrid
> > > 3", "MF Hybrid 3", "Bank None 3", "Bank None 3", "Bank None 3",
> > > "Bank None 3", "Bank None 3", "Bank Current 3", "Bank Current 3",
> > > "Bank Current 3", "Bank Current 3", "Bank Current 3", "Bank Savings
> > > 3", "Bank Savings 3", "Bank Savings 3", "Bank Savings 3", "Bank
> > > Savings 3")), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), row.names =
> > > c(NA,
> > > -140L))
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On Thu, 29 Jun 2023 at 21:11, John Kane <jrkrideau using gmail.com <mailto:jrkrideau using gmail.com> > wrote:
> > >
> > >> Anupa,
> > >>
> > >> I think your  best bet with your data would be to tidy it up in
> > >> Excel, read it into  R using something like the readxl package and
> > >> then supply some sample data is the dput() function.
> > >>
> > >> In the case of a large dataset something like dput(head(mydata,
> > >> 100)) should supply the data we need. Just do dput(mydata) where
> > >> *mydata* is your data. Copy the output and paste it here.
> > >>
> > >> On Thu, 29 Jun 2023 at 08:37, Ebert,Timothy Aaron <tebert using ufl.edu <mailto:tebert using ufl.edu> >
> wrote:
> > >>
> > >>> Reposting the data did not help. We do not like to guess, and
> > >>> doing so takes a great deal of time that is likely wasted.
> > >>> Rows are observations.
> > >>> Columns are variables.
> > >>> In Excel, the first row will be variable names and all subsequent
> > >>> rows will be observations.
> > >>>
> > >>> Income is the first variable. It has seven states: $10, $25, $40,
> > >>> $75,
> > >>> >$75, "No", "Answer"
> > >>> MF is the second variable. It has six values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9
> > >>> None is the third variable. It has seven values: 1, 3.05,  2.29,
> > >>> 2.24, 1.71, 1.30, 2.83 Equity is the last variable with many
> > >>> states, both numeric and text. A computer will read it all as
> > >>> text.
> > >>>
> > >>> As written the data cannot be analyzed.
> > >>>
> > >>> Equity looks like it should be numeric. However, it has text values:
> > >>> "Debt", "Hybrid", Bank", "AC", "None", "Current", "Savings", "No",
> > >>> and "Answer"
> > >>>
> > >>> In looking at the data I try to find some organization where every
> > >>> variable has the same number of rows as every other variable. I
> > >>> fail with these data.
> > >>> I could combine "No" and "Answer" into one name "No Answer" to
> > >>> make it agree with MF, but then it does not work for None.
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>> Please rework the data in Excel so that we can properly interpret
> > >>> the content. If it is badly organized in Excel, moving it to R will not help.
> > >>> Below, I tried adding carriage returns and spaces to organize the
> > >>> data, but I have a column of numbers that are not identified. The
> > >>> values below
> > >>> $10 do not make much sense compared to other values.
> > >>>
> > >>> I am tired of guessing.
> > >>>
> > >>> Tim
> > >>>
> > >>> -----Original Message-----
> > >>> From: R-help <r-help-bounces using r-project.org <mailto:r-help-bounces using r-project.org> > On Behalf Of Anupam
> > >>> Tyagi
> > >>> Sent: Wednesday, June 28, 2023 11:49 PM
> > >>> To: r-help using r-project.org <mailto:r-help using r-project.org> 
> > >>> Subject: Re: [R] Plotting factors in graph panel
> > >>>
> > >>> [External Email]
> > >>>
> > >>> Thanks, Pikal and Jim. Yes, it has been a long time Jim. I hope
> > >>> you have been well.
> > >>>
> > >>> Pikal, thanks. Your solution may be close to what I want. I did
> > >>> not know that I was posting in HTML. I just copied the data from
> > >>> Excel and posted in the email in Gmail. The data is still in
> > >>> Excel, because I have not yet figured out what is a good way to
> > >>> organize it in R. I am posting it again below as text. These are
> > >>> rows in Excel: 1,2,3,5,9 after MF are income categories and No
> > >>> Answer category (9). Down the second column are categories of MF
> and Bank AC. Rest of the columns are percentages.
> > >>>
> > >>> Jim, thanks for the graph. I am looking to plot only one line
> > >>> (category) each in many small plots on the same page. I don't want
> > >>> to compare different categories on the same graph as you do, but
> > >>> see how each category varies by income, one category in each
> > >>> graph. Like Excel does with Sparklines (Top menu: Insert,
> > >>> Sparklines, Lines). I have many categories for many variables. I am only
> showing two MF and Bank AC.
> > >>>
> > >>> Income        $10 $25     $40      $75   > $75    No Answer
> > >>> MF                   1      2         3           4         5          9
> > >>> None               1   3.05     2.29    2.24     1.71    1.30
> > >>>    2.83
> > >>> Equity             2    29.76  28.79  29.51 28.90   31.67
> > >>> 36.77
> > >>>
> > >>> Debt                3  31.18  32.64  34.31  35.65  37.59
> > >>>  33.15
> > >>>
> > >>> Hybrid              4 36.00 36.27 33.94 33.74 29.44 27.25
> > >>>
> > >>> Bank AC None 1 46.54 54.01 59.1 62.17 67.67 60.87
> > >>>
> > >>> Current            2 24.75 24.4 25 24.61 24.02 21.09
> > >>>
> > >>> Savings             3 25.4 18.7 29 11.48 7.103 13.46
> > >>>
> > >>> No Answer       9 3.307 2.891 13.4 1.746 1.208 4.577
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>> On Wed, 28 Jun 2023 at 17:30, Jim Lemon <drjimlemon using gmail.com <mailto:drjimlemon using gmail.com> >
> wrote:
> > >>>
> > >>> > Hi Anupam,
> > >>> > Haven't heard from you in a long time. Perhaps you want
> > >>> > something like
> > >>> > this:
> > >>> >
> > >>> > at_df<-read.table(text=
> > >>> >  "Income MF MF_None MF_Equity MF_Debt MF_Hybrid Bank_None
> > >>> > Bank_Current Bank_Savings Bank_NA
> > >>> >  $10 1 3.05 29.76 31.18 36.0 46.54 24.75 25.4 3.307
> > >>> >  $25 2 2.29 28.79 32.64 36.27 54.01 24.4 18.7 2.891
> > >>> >  $40 3 2.24 29.51 34.31 33.94 59.1 25.0 29 13.4
> > >>> >  $75 4 1.71 28.90 35.65 33.74 62.17 24.61 11.48 1.746
> > >>> >  >$75 5 1.30 31.67 37.59 29.44 67.67 24.02 7.103 1.208
> > >>> > No_Answer 9
> > >>> > 2.83 36.77 33.15 27.25 60.87 21.09 13.46 4.577",
> > >>> >  header=TRUE,stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> > >>> > at_df<-
> at_df[at_df$Income!="No_Answer",which(names(at_df)!="Bank
> > >>> > _NA")]
> > >>> > png("MF_Bank.png",height=600)
> > >>> > par(mfrow=c(2,1))
> > >>> > matplot(at_df[,c("MF_None","MF_Equity","MF_Debt","MF_Hybrid")],
> > >>> >  type="l",col=1:4,lty=1:4,lwd=3,  main="Percentages by Income
> > >>> > and MF type", xlab="Income",ylab="Percentage of group",xaxt="n")
> > >>> > axis(1,at=1:5,labels=at_df$Income)
> > >>> > legend(3,24,c("MF_None","MF_Equity","MF_Debt","MF_Hybrid"),
> > >>> >  lty=1:4,lwd=3,col=1:4)
> > >>> > matplot(at_df[,c("Bank_None","Bank_Current","Bank_Savings")],
> > >>> >  type="l",col=1:3,lty=1:4,lwd=3,  main="Percentages by Income
> > >>> > and Bank type", xlab="Income",ylab="Percentage of
> > >>> > group",xaxt="n")
> > >>> > axis(1,at=1:5,labels=at_df$Income)
> > >>> > legend(3,54,c("Bank_None","Bank_Current","Bank_Savings"),
> > >>> >  lty=1:4,lwd=3,col=1:3)
> > >>> > dev.off()
> > >>> >
> > >>> > Jim
> > >>> >
> > >>> > On Wed, Jun 28, 2023 at 6:33 PM Anupam Tyagi
> > >>> > <anuptyagi using gmail.com <mailto:anuptyagi using gmail.com> >
> > >>> wrote:
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > > Hello,
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > > I want to plot the following kind of data (percentage of
> > >>> > > respondents
> > >>> > from a
> > >>> > > survey) that varies by Income into many small *line* graphs in
> > >>> > > a panel of graphs. I want to omit "No Answer" categories. I
> > >>> > > want to see how each one of the categories (percentages),
> > >>> > > "None", " Equity", etc. varies by
> > >>> > Income.
> > >>> > > How can I do this? How to organize the data well and how to
> > >>> > > plot? I
> > >>> > thought
> > >>> > > Lattice may be a good package to plot this, but I don't know
> > >>> > > for sure. I prefer to do this in Base-R if possible, but I am
> > >>> > > open to ggplot. Any
> > >>> > ideas
> > >>> > > will be helpful.
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > > Income
> > >>> > > $10 $25 $40 $75 > $75 No Answer MF 1 2 3 4 5 9 None 1 3.05
> > >>> > > 2.29 2.24 1.71 1.30 2.83 Equity 2 29.76 28.79 29.51
> > >>> > > 28.90 31.67 36.77 Debt 3 31.18 32.64 34.31 35.65 37.59 33.15
> > >>> > > Hybrid
> > >>> > > 4 36.00 36.27 33.94 33.74 29.44 27.25 Bank AC None 1 46.54
> > >>> > > 54.01
> > >>> > > 59.1 62.17 67.67 60.87 Current 2 24.75 24.4 25 24.61 24.02
> > >>> > > 21.09 Savings 3 25.4 18.7 29 11.48 7.103 13.46 No Answer 9
> > >>> > > 3.307 2.891
> > >>> > > 13.4 1.746 1.208 4.577
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > > Thanks.
> > >>> > > --
> > >>> > > Anupam.
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > >         [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> > >>> > >
> > >>> > > ______________________________________________
> > >>> > > R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>  mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more,
> > >>> > > see https://st/
> > >>> > > at.ethz.ch <http://at.ethz.ch> %2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fr-
> help&data=05%7C01%7Ctebert
> > >>> > > %40ufl
> > >>> > >
> .edu%7C59874e74164c46133f2c08db7853d28f%7C0d4da0f84a314d76ace6
> > >>> > > 0a6233
> > >>> > >
> 1e1b84%7C0%7C0%7C638236073642897221%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d
> 8ey
> > >>> > > JWIjoi
> > >>> > >
> MC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3
> > >>> > > 000%7C
> > >>> > >
> %7C%7C&sdata=xoaDMG7ogY4tMtqe30pONZrBdk0eq2cW%2BgdwlDHneWY
> %3D&
> > >>> > > reserv
> > >>> > > ed=0
> > >>> > > PLEASE do read the posting guide
> > >>> > http://www.r/
> > >>> > -project.org <http://project.org> %2Fposting-
> guide.html&data=05%7C01%7Ctebert%40ufl.ed
> > >>> > u%7C59
> > >>> >
> 874e74164c46133f2c08db7853d28f%7C0d4da0f84a314d76ace60a62331e1b8
> > >>> > 4%7C0%
> > >>> >
> 7C0%7C638236073642897221%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4
> wLjA
> > >>> > wMDAiL
> > >>> >
> CJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sd
> > >>> > ata=H7
> > >>> >
> 6XCa%2FULBGUn0Lok93l6mtHzo0snq5G0a%2BL4sEH8%2F8%3D&reserved=0
> > >>> > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible
> code.
> > >>> >
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>> --
> > >>> Anupam.
> > >>>
> > >>>         [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> > >>>
> > >>> ______________________________________________
> > >>> R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>  mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> > >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> > >>> http://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html
> > >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> > >>> ______________________________________________
> > >>> R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>  mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> > >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> > >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> > >>> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> > >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> > >>>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> --
> > >> John Kane
> > >> Kingston ON Canada
> > >>
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > Anupam.
> > >
> > >
> >
> > --
> > Anupam.
> >
> >         [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> >
> > ______________________________________________
> > R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>  mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
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> > PLEASE do read the posting guide
> > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> 
> ______________________________________________
> R-help using r-project.org <mailto:R-help using r-project.org>  mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
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> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-
> guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.




 

-- 

Anupam.



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